Azithromycin

Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections such as throat and chest infections, sinusitis, ear infections, skin infections, and some sexually transmitted infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria by inhibiting their protein synthesis. Azithromycin is known for its long-lasting action and is often taken once daily for a short course, but it should always be used as prescribed by a doctor to prevent resistance.

Azithromycin is a widely used antibiotic that belongs to the macrolide group of medicines. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against a wide range of bacteria, especially those causing respiratory, skin, and soft tissue infections, as well as certain sexually transmitted infections.

Azithromycin is commonly prescribed to treat throat infections, tonsillitis, sinusitis, ear infections (otitis media), bronchitis, pneumonia, skin infections, and infections caused by Chlamydia and Mycoplasma. It is also used in some gastrointestinal infections and as part of combination therapy for certain bacterial diseases.

Azithromycin works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, preventing them from producing essential proteins needed for growth and reproduction. This stops the bacteria from multiplying and allows the immune system to clear the infection.

One of the advantages of azithromycin is its long half-life, which allows it to remain active in the body for several days even after the last dose. This is why it is often prescribed as a short course, such as once daily for 3 to 5 days, making it convenient for patients and improving compliance.

Azithromycin is available in tablets, capsules, oral suspension (syrup), and intravenous form in hospitals. The dose depends on the type and severity of infection, age, and body weight. It can be taken with or without food, although taking it after food may reduce stomach upset.

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and headache. Rarely, it may cause allergic reactions, liver problems, or heart rhythm disturbances, especially in people with existing heart conditions.

Azithromycin should be used with caution in patients with liver disease, heart rhythm disorders, or a history of antibiotic allergies. Like all antibiotics, it should be taken only when prescribed and the full course should be completed to prevent antibiotic resistance.

Overall, azithromycin is an effective, convenient, and well-tolerated antibiotic that plays an important role in the treatment of many common bacterial infections.